Gemstones, nature’s exquisite treasures, undergo a captivating process of formation deep within the Earth’s crust. The creation of gems involves intricate natural processes that result in their remarkable beauty and rarity. Gems are formed through various methods, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes. In the igneous process, gems crystallize from molten rock, while in metamorphic processes, they form as a result of intense heat and pressure. Sedimentary processes involve the accumulation of minerals over time. Each creation method gives rise to a distinct spectrum of gemstone types, showcasing the diverse wonders found in the world of gems.
Sri Lanka, known as the “Gem Island,” boasts a distinctive gem creation process that has yielded exceptional gemstones for centuries. The country’s geological conditions and ancient tectonic activities have played a crucial role in the formation of its remarkable gems. Sri Lanka is renowned for its corundum family of gemstones, which includes the captivating Ceylon sapphires and rubies. Corundum, scientifically known as aluminum oxide, forms under specific geological conditions, resulting in its unique properties and stunning hues. The purity levels and color variations of Ceylon gems significantly influence their value and desirability in the global market, with the renowned “cornflower blue” sapphires and vivid red rubies being highly sought after by collectors and jewelry connoisseurs.
To unearth these precious gemstones, Sri Lanka employs various gem mining methods, each adapted to the specific geological characteristics of the region. Surface mining, the most common method, involves extracting gems from shallow deposits close to the surface. This technique utilizes hand tools, such as pickaxes and shovels, to carefully excavate the gem-bearing gravels and soils. Artisanal miners meticulously sift through the materials, searching for glimmers of gemstones. This process requires patience, expertise, and a deep understanding of the gem-rich areas.
Additionally, Sri Lanka has a long history of traditional gem mining techniques, such as “Ratnapura pit mining.” This method involves digging deep pits into gem-rich areas, with miners descending into the earth to extract gem-bearing materials. It is a laborintensive process that requires immense skill and caution to ensure the safety of the miners and the preservation of the gemstones.
Furthermore, Sri Lanka has embraced technological advancements in gem mining, incorporating machinery and equipment to enhance efficiency and productivity. However, the country has also been mindful of the environmental impact, implementing regulations and sustainable practices to safeguard the delicate ecosystems surrounding gem-rich areas.